OVAL EcoTech Advanced Interstellar Space Propulsion System

Electrogravity
The method of interstellar travel published on this website does not specifically use the principles mentioned in this article, although they do play a role in its operation. This article is presented as a clarification with which to judge the differences and similarities between the proposed method and those of this unique subject.

There exists a great deal of information on the internet concerning the idea of "electrogravity." Electrogravity basically concerns the use of a relationship between electricity and gravity. It is hoped that such a relationship, if it exists, will lead to a new form of interstellar travel. This article will cover the major ideas and contributors to this field.

The most common devices to use what has been termed electrogravity are the electrostatic ion wind type devices. The device known online as the "Lifter" falls into this category. Although the designers of the "lifter" claim to use electrogravity and some undiscovered principle related to the work of Townsend Brown, it does not. These lifting devices depend entirely on the entrainment of neutral air in an ionic wind produced by the high voltage involved in operation of the device. Lifters would not produce any significant thrust in outer space, so are completely unsuitable for a space vehicle

Ionic Wind Propulsion

Ionocraft Video
The work of Townsend Brown however does suggest a coupling type of interaction between electricity and gravity. Although ionic wind does play a significant role in the operation and early designs of Mr. Brown, it is not the only effect in operation. Mr. Brown was quite certain that ionic wind was not responsible for the forces observed in his devices and I would tend to agree.

The true nature of the force produced in Townsends Brown devices is more accurately described, as he himself put it, "stress in dielectrics." When any insulating material is placed in a strong electric field, especially of high potential, the charge is stored in a capacitor as "stress in the dielectric." This can be loosely visualized as a physical distortion of the shape of the atoms making up the dielectric material between the capacitors conducting plates.

Magnetic Field Around
Conductor
It occurs because an atom is composed of a positive nucleus surrounded by a negative electron cloud. When any dielectric material is subject to a strong electric field, like charges repel like charges. The nucleus of the atom is pushed away from the positive electrode of the capacitor and vice versa for the electron cloud. This reaction was termed a gravitational reaction for the following simple reason, the inertial reference is related to the electromagnetic field of a mass.

The nucleus of the atoms comprising the dielectric are many times more massive than the electron clouds. Thus when Mr. Brown first energizes his device he notices a strong impulse which is due essentially to the internal shift in atomic mass ( or dielectric stress ) when the high voltage is initially applied. As the atoms restore their equilibrium the effect wears off. Through experimentation Mr. Brown realized by discharging and charging his devices repeatedly at high rates he could create an essentially uniform force. The impulses due to the shift in mass could be repeated at very high rate of repetition which would appear as a uniform acceleration and if of sufficient magnitude able to levitate and propel his device.

This can be seen as a true space drive if one comes to the realization that the space occupied by and spatial position of the atoms is defined primarily by their fields. The electromagnetic fields of any mass play a huge role in defining the objects relationship to its environment, its position, and its velocity. When the inertial properties of mass are altered or manipulated by intense electromagnetic energy, the mass and inertia of the mass will change. The space in front of the Gravitor is pulled into the device while its density or charge is increased behind the device.

Magnetic Field in an Electric Field
This is the link between gravity and electricity. Although neither electricity nor magnetism can create gravity or inertia in there own right, they are the measure of inertial position or reference frame and can create an inertial field. The inertia of the insulator is relative to the external environment, in both a mechanical and electromagnetic sense. If the external environment remains under a certain degree of dielectric stress and the relative stress of the dielectric in the insulator is different, than movement will result. The reverse of this can be realized by considering what will move first on an atomic level, the protons or electron cloud, when any object is suddenly accelerated? It is the electromagnetic field of the Earth that is partially responsible for dragging the inertial reference frame of the Earth. This can also be realized by considering that when any object moves in space-time, although its atoms are outwardly neutral, there is still a relative displacement of charge and magnetism. One can easily visualize how moving a wire in Earths magnetic field will induce current flow, but it is not commonly known that a displacement current will flow even in non conducting materials which require the understanding that electromagnetic fields and their associated inertial effects apply to all space/time. The reverse of this can be demonstrated by levitation of an insulating material in a sufficiently intense magnetic field. It is interesting to discover the magnetic and electrical field orientation of this device entirely corresponds to the other methods and explanations shown on this website.

The distortion of the electron cloud
around an atom in electric field

Thus the form of Electrogravity which was discovered by Mr. Brown can work in a complete vacuum, and even more efficiently so, because electrical energy isn't lost through ionization. This is evident from his patents in which he repeatedly mentions the fact the force is not continous but is most powerful at the instant of application of potential and then decreases over time. The electron wind effect is actually a loss for the Townsend brown Gravitor device! It is interesting to note that the work of Townsend Brown seems to suggest that gravitational attraction on Earth is not due to a steady acceleration but to a frequency of impulse. This would suggest some simple experimentation to either prove or disprove this claim.

Although numerous other works have been published on Electrogravity, the work of Townsend Brown is considered to be the most all inclusive and scientifically based. Look up United States Patent # 3, 187, 206 patented June 1, 1965 for a look at one of Mr. Brown's designs. Some of his patents and detailed explanations of the operation of his devices are linked below:
Explanation of a Dynamical Biefeld-Brown effect from the Standpoint of Zero Point Fields - Takaaki Musha
Weyl Electrovacuum Solutions and Gauge Invariance - Boyko V. Ivanov( Reference )

The Possibility of Strong Coupling Between Electricity and Gravitation - Takaaki Musha
This paper details research conducted at the Honda Corporation Research Institute in 1996

Older Paper - Theoretical Explanation of the Biefield-Brown Effect - Takaaki Musha

Connection Between Einstein’s Unified Field Theory and the Biefeld-Brown Effect

Explanation of dynamical Biefield-Brown Effect from standpoint of ZPF field

Possibility of the Space Propulsion System Utilizing the ZPF field

Rex Research Article on Thomas Townsend Brown - "How I Control Gravitation"

Gravity into Electricity - Lord Kelvin's Thunderstorm.
Easily use water and gravity to generate static electricity.

David Pratt's Excellent Article on Gravity and Antigravity
Including more information on Townsend Brown

Video replicates Galileo's famous experiment
to prove existance of magnet/gravity reactance.

Paper entitled. "Electrogravitics Systems" discussing electric flight.

Diamagnetic Levitation of Pyrolytic Graphite

Levitation of a Magnet Using the Diamagnetic Properties of Bismuth

A Toy which demonstrates the only method of levitation using permanent magnets
The Levitron
( An example of combining mechanical rotation and magnetic fields.
Note the mechanical orientation and magnetic field
are out of phase with each other by 90 degrees.)

Another serious study on the ability of electromagnetic fields to manipulate inertia.

Propellantless Propulsion by Electromagnetic Inertia Manipulation.
Experiment and Study
By Hector Hugo Brito

This is the definitive manual on building an electrogravitic vehicle. Want the technical details? This paper explains it all, with the mathematics to back it up.

*** Advanced Electro Magnetic Propulsion Craft with Fully Invisible Stealth Technology *** AEMPCWFIST ***

An excellent design utilizing a Fusor power source, capable of launching payloads into space as well as traversing much further distances. Faster, more efficient, safer, than a rocket.

www.crossfirefusor.com

A Article Outlining The Advantages of Discoid
Geometry for MagnetoAeroDynamic Propulsion In Atomosphere
Magnetoaerodynamic Propulsion for Exploration of
Atomosphere Bearing Planetary Bodies

The original patent for the "Flame Jet Generation" technique, otherwise known as an Electrokinetic Generator.
Townsend Brown Electrokinetic Generator

A Battery using Nuclear Radiation and an Electret
Nuclear Electret Battery

Thomas Townsend Brown developed a gravito/electric battery.
Which converted gravitational potential into electrical potential using a specially designed electret.
Townsend Brown battery

A possible means of using the electromagntic properties of dielectric materials to detect gravitational waves.
The possibility to construct a gravitational wave detector using the electro-magnetic properties of dielectric materials

Transient Electromagnetodynamic Fields
in a HV Asymetric Capacitor

Link to more References

Electromagnetic levitation device utilizing
simple electromagnetic induction repulsion

Electromagnetic levitation device utilizing
electromagnetic induction repulsion
and
electrostatic repulsion.

Video of Simple Electromagnetic Induction Levitation in Action

How Simple Electromagnetic Induction Coil Levitation Works:

Just the facts.

Alternating current from the wall outlet wire can be thought of like water surging forward and then backward and then forward and then backward in a pipe. From the wall, depending on where you live, this surging or cycling pushes and pulls, back and forth about 60 or 50 times a second.( 60 Hz or 50 Hz ) A Hz or Hertz is one cycle per second. Hertz was the scientist who discovered electromagnetic induction. In Canada this frequency is marked on microwave ovens, motors etc. Nikola Tesla picked 60 Hz as the alternating current frequency and we still use it today!

If you think of water surging back and forth this many times in a second it seems fast, but in terms of what can be produced with electricity it is very very slow on the frequency scale. Radio transmits at 100,000 Hz up to 1,000,000 Hz. Visible light at 5,000,000,000 to 7,000,000,000 Hz. Just for a quick comparison.

All current flow will generate a magnetic field. However, inductance requires a changing flow of current. You can make a simple electromagnet by winding a long wire into a coil, which increases the magnetic field by adding up the magnetic fields of each individual wire. You can power it from a battery which is direct current ( DC ) or alternating current ( AC ). Any insulated wire will work, but with magnet wire the varnish coating is very thin, and very insulating, so the coil windings can be closer together. In professionally created electromagnetic they will employ special materials for the core of the electromagnet. A Tesla Coil has no core, and is refered to as an Air Core transformer. Indeed, if you place two electromagnets close to each other and power one with alternating current, it will induce an alternating current in the other coil, this is inductance. All transformers rely on this simple concept.

When an electromagnet is powered by AC the magnetic field alternates too, creating reactance. Reactance is a resistance or opposition against the changing alternating current. This reactance is what changes the electricity into heat. Reactance to alternating current occurs because the magnetic field cannot flip back and forth as rapidlly as the alternating current. A magnet field is induced in the enviroment which opposes or is opposite, to the magnet field the alternating current is producing. Oppositely, if the current suddenly stops, the magnetic field in the space around the coil trys to maintain or keep the magnet field flowing. If you have an electromagnet with a current flowing through it, and you suddenly disconnect the current. A large spark will jump across where you disconnected it. This effect is known as inductive kickback. Inductive kickback is used to create a spark, igniting the fuel in the internal combustion engine. The spark is created when the circuit is suddenly opened or broken, not when it closes.

This is because the magnet field wants to keep the current flowing and when it starts to collapse it is converted into a high voltage which jumps any small gaps in the circuit. Once an arc or spark bridges the gap, the magnetic field collapses and releases the energy, because a current can flow. The Inductance of a coil is a measure of how resistant to change, or how much the coil will resist a changing current.

Reactance and Inductance only happens when the current changes, either increasing, decreasing or alternating. The magnetic field of a constant current, is also constant, so there is no resistance to change, or no reactance to the flow of current.

In our AC electromagnetic the current is first building in one direction, then collapsing. Then building in the other direction, then collapsing. Because the alternating current is pushing and pulling. In electric engineering they call it electromotive force and counter-electromative force. In fact the alternating electromagnetic field is repeling or repulsing everything in the enviroment or space around it. Around the coil there is an occilating or pulsating magnetic field. This changing field induces an opposing occilation or pulsation in everything around it. In air this effect is relatively weak, so in the video, and all the other electromagnetic induction coil levitation videos on youtube, they always have a metal plate under the coil.

The magnetic field of the coil induces a much more powerful opposing magnetic field in metal because a greater imposing current can flow in the metal. A much much stronger alternating electromagnetic field would be needed to do acheive the same effect over air or plastic or wood. The alternating magnetic field created by the coil will always induce an oppositly alternating magnetic field in the metal it sits on. ( or is near ). Thus the two magnet fields repel each other. The induced magnetic field opposes or repells the inducing magnetic field. Thus the magnetic field of the coil repels or moves away from the magnetic field it induces in the metal plate. It can only move so far way because the coil itself is inducing the magnetic field which is causing the repulsion. As it moves further away, it induces less repelling magnetic field and would fall back down. If it gets to close the strength of the induced field increases pushing it away. So the electromagnetic induction coil can only levitate so high, before it reaches a balance point.

This is all right out of electricity books. Simple. Proven. Works. If you understand this than you too are with the likes of the great thinkers.

People have taken this idea way further. Using higher frequencies, focusing and storing electromagnetic energy, resonance, feedback, etc etc. Ancient people probably used lightning or some type of heat driven electric mercury turbine to acheive the same effect.
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Unlike all the crackpots and bullshitters out there, I am more than willing to prove what I am saying. You can see what I am talking about, with your own eyes, and actually build working examples of all the applied principles. Everything on this website is built upon existing, legitimate science, which can be readily replicated by anyone. It is not some radical new theory which will bring about advanced starships, but a deeper understanding of existing theory.